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How to Become a School Principal
School Principals are the heart of a school’s leadership, guiding academic excellence, fostering a positive school culture, and supporting teachers, staff, and students. They balance instructional leadership with operational management to ensure every student receives a high-quality education.
For experienced educators ready to make a broader impact, becoming a School Principal is a natural next step. A Master’s or Ed.S. in Educational Leadership, School Administration, or Principal Preparation program provides the training needed to transition from teacher to school leader.
School Principal Job Description
Principals manage day-to-day operations in elementary, middle, or high schools while setting long-term goals for academic achievement, equity, and school climate. They evaluate staff, lead professional development, enforce discipline policies, and serve as the key liaison to families and the community.
Principals must also ensure compliance with district and state regulations, manage budgets, and lead crisis response when necessary.
Standard Tasks and Responsibilities:
| Core Tasks | Examples |
|---|---|
| Lead instructional improvement | Observe classrooms, guide curriculum alignment, and support teacher growth |
| Manage school operations | Oversee schedules, safety procedures, and student discipline |
| Support student success | Build academic support systems and inclusive school environments |
| Foster community partnerships | Communicate with families, local organizations, and school boards |
| Supervise staff and evaluate performance | Conduct teacher observations and performance reviews |
Kennedy promoted the idea that great leadership requires ongoing learning.
What Are the Educational Requirements to Become a School Principal?
Most principals start as licensed teachers before advancing into administration. A Master’s or Ed.S. in Educational Leadership or School Administration is required in most states, often followed by a principal certification or licensure exam.
Graduate programs provide training in instructional supervision, school law, budgeting, community engagement, and organizational leadership. Many also require a supervised practicum or internship in school leadership.
Education Path:
| Level | Program | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Bachelor’s Degree | Education or related field | Required to become a licensed teacher |
| Master’s or Ed.S. Degree | Educational Leadership or School Administration | Required for principal certification |
| Fieldwork | Leadership internship or practicum | Supervised experience in school-based leadership roles |
Internships and Exams:
- Most programs include internships working under a licensed administrator
- Passage of a principal licensure exam (e.g., SLLA or state-specific alternative)
Are Any Certifications, Licenses, or Credentials Needed?
Yes, principals must hold a valid teaching license and a principal or administrator credential. Certification requirements vary by state but typically include a graduate degree, leadership experience, and passage of a licensure exam.
Common Credentials:
| Credential | Purpose |
|---|---|
| State Principal License or Endorsement | Required to serve as a principal in public schools |
| Teaching License | Often required prior to pursuing administrative roles |
| Educational Leadership Certificate (Post-Master’s) | May be required for Ed.S. or non-degree certification paths |
Licensing Process:
- Earn a master’s or Ed.S. from a state-approved program
- Complete a leadership internship
- Pass state leadership exams
- Apply through your state department of education for certification
Where Do School Principals Work?
Principals are employed in public and private elementary, middle, and high schools. Some serve in specialized campuses, such as magnet or charter schools. Others may transition into central office leadership after years in the Teacher Leadership.
While most principals are based in one school, they also engage with district leaders, professional associations, and broader community networks.
Common Workplaces:
- Public school campuses (K–12)
- Charter schools and independent schools
- Alternative and magnet schools
- Leadership development programs and education networks
- District offices (after promotion)
Employer Examples:
| Employer Type | Examples |
|---|---|
| Public School Systems | Atlanta Public Schools, Seattle Public Schools, Denver Public Schools |
| Charter Networks | Achievement First, KIPP, Aspire Public Schools |
| Private and Parochial Schools | St. Paul Academy, Sacred Heart Preparatory, The Dalton School |
| Leadership Programs | New Leaders, Relay Graduate School of Education |
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What Skills and Traits Do Successful Principals Have?
Principals need to be dynamic leaders who can navigate complex challenges while motivating and supporting educators. They must balance empathy and discipline, vision and practicality, community engagement and data analysis.
Successful principals are confident decision-makers, culturally competent leaders, and tireless advocates for student success.
Key Skills and Traits:
- Instructional leadership and coaching skills
- Strategic thinking and problem-solving
- Staff supervision and evaluation expertise
- Communication and relationship-building with families and the community
- Data literacy and goal setting
- Equity-centered leadership and cultural competence
- Resilience, adaptability, and integrity
School Principal Salary Overview
Salaries for principals vary widely depending on location, experience, and school level. Principals of larger schools or high-needs campuses may receive additional compensation or bonuses.
| Role Level | Median Salary |
|---|---|
| Elementary School Principal | $98,420 (BLS, 2023) |
| Middle School Principal | $102,350 (BLS, 2023) |
| High School Principal | $105,100 (BLS, 2023) |
Job Outlook: According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment for principals is expected to remain steady through 2032, with leadership transitions and school growth driving opportunities. Principals with strong instructional backgrounds and experience in equity leadership are especially valued.
Link to our Master’s in Education Salary Guide for more details.
Take the Next Step Toward Becoming a School Principal
If you’re ready to lead a school community, support teacher growth, and help every student succeed, becoming a School Principal is a powerful way to serve. A Master’s in Educational Leadership will prepare you to manage schools effectively and inspire excellence.
Explore graduate programs designed to help you grow as an instructional leader, strategic planner, and change agent in education.
Sources
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Elementary, Middle, and High School Principals
- National Association of Secondary School Principals (NASSP): Principal Leadership Resources
- National Association of Elementary School Principals (NAESP): Principal Certification and Preparation
- Education Week: School Leadership Trends